JAM

Introduction to JAM (or Just A Minute)
JAM is an event in the Interview Process in which the Candidate should speak about a topic., It is all about the control of the mind over the mouth. Can you make it through sixty seconds (i.e., 1 Minute) non-stop talking without hesitation, repetition, or deviation.

Some of the Important JAM Topics Provided for You Just Click on⬇

1. G.S.T
2. Demonetization 
3. Privatization
4. Black Money
5. Android Technology 
6. Child Labour 
7. Corruption  
8. Cricket 
9. Education Qualification for politicians
10. Global Positioning System
11. Global Warming
12. Google Project loon
13. Illiteracy in India 
14. Role of Women in Society 
15. Self - Confidence 
16. Smart Phones 
17. Social networking 
18. Favorite Colour
19. Abhinandhan Varthaman IAF - Air Wing Commander

The Interviewer Tries to the Following Skills in JAM session 

• Self confidence
• Communication skills
• Language fluency
• Your thoughts
• Spontaneity & GK
• Time management &
• Sense Of humor

Some Tips for You For JAM session

• Try to avoid long sentences and language with complex vocabulary.
• Interviewers generally look for simple Language(English, Hindi).
• Prepare on few common topics before it because this helps you when they asked you to choose the topic.
• Don’t try to repeat your ideas at any cost. 
• Try to share something new as they given you only one minute.
• Avoid words like and, but in between where ever possible
• Try to avoid Mother tongue Influence at maximum; this will create impression on you.
• Avoid Negative words or sentences
• Try to use words like However, Definitely, Certainly where ever possible.
• Have few mock JAM sessions before your friends ask them to monitor your performance.

Note : Follow Daily News to know about Present Issues.,

It will Updated soon.. with some information about topics..

JAM Topic - ABHINANDHAN VARTHAMAN IAF -Wing Commander

In the early hours on 26 Feb. 2019 IAF confirmed the air strike in which Wing commando abhinanadhan piloted MIG-21 Bison shot down a Pakistani aircraft F-16 in dogfight (A dogfight, or dog fight, is an aerial battle between fighter aircraft, conducted at close range.), and dropped 4 bombs on hilltop of balakot were terrorist troops  of Jaish-e-Mohammad located within Pakistan. on 27 Feb. 2019 abhinanadhan varthamans plane lost communication after radio system got jammed during the dogfight. his aircraft was shot down by Pakistani air force,  he was held captive for 60 hours in Pakistan after his aircraft was shot down in an aerial dogfight. He was conferred the Vir Chakra gallantry award in August 2019.

IN DETAIL :

1. Who is abhinanadhan varthaman ?

* Abhinanadhan Varthaman  (born 21 June 1983) is an Indian Air Force officer (Wing Commander) .  In the 2019 India-Pakistan standoff, he was held captive for 60 hours in Pakistan after his aircraft was shot down in an aerial dogfight.  He was conferred the Vir Chakra gallantry (3rd highest gallantry award presented for act of gallantry in the presence of enemy in the battle field) award in August 2019 (For shot downing a PAF (Pakistani air force) aircraft F-16) .

* awards -  top 1st  ashok chakra

                        2nd param veer chakra

                        3rd veer chakra ( he was awarded this 3rd gallantry award )

* Wing commander - it is a senior commissioned rank in IAF (Indian Air Force)

2. What happened on 26 Feb. 2019 ?

*  On 26 February 2019, India confirmed the airstrike on hilltop of balakot in Pakistan,  stating that the Indian Air Force conducted them in retaliation to the Pulwama attack (which is happened earlier on 14.Feb.2019 in Pulwama city of Jammu and Kashmir main cause is terrorist attack from Jaish-e-Mohammed which resulted in the deaths of 40 Indian CRPF soldiers). The strikes were subsequently claimed to be "non-military" and "preemptive'' in nature; targeting a Jaish-e-Mohammed (a terrorist group of Pakistan) facility within Pakistan.

*in the early hours on 26 Feb. 2019 IAF confirmed the air strike in which Wing commando abhinanadhan piloted MIG-21 Bison shot down a Pakistani aircraft F-16 in dogfight (A dogfight, or dog fight, is an aerial battle between fighter aircraft, conducted at close range.), and dropped 4 bombs on hilltop of balakot were terrorist troops  of Jaish-e-Mohammad located within Pakistan. on 27 Feb. 2019 abhinanadhan varthamans plane lost communication after radio system got jammed during the dogfight. his aircraft was shot down by Pakistani air force,  he was held captive for 60 hours in Pakistan after his aircraft was shot down in an aerial dogfight. He was conferred the Vir Chakra gallantry award in August 2019.

* Many countries like Australia, U.S, France China etc., noted its condemnation of Pulwama attack and asked Pakistan to crack down on terrorists Operating from its soil and adopt actions that will help stabilize the situation in the region and improve mutual relations.

3. what is Geneva convention ?

* The Geneva Conventions comprise four treaties, and three additional protocols, that establish the standards of international law for humanitarian treatment in war.

* The Geneva Conventions extensively defined the basic rights of wartime prisoners (civilians and military personnel), established protections for the wounded and sick, and established protections for the civilians in and around a war-zone.

* Indian Air Force's Wing Commander Abhinanadhan Varthaman, in Pakistani custody after his plane was shot down on Wednesday, will be governed under the Geneva Convention of 1929. wil be released as fast as possible under POW's(Prisoners of war) of Geneva convention 1929.

* On 28 February 2019, Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan announced at a joint sitting of the Parliament of Pakistan that the government had decided to release Abhinanadhan the next day as a "gesture of peace".

** MIG-21 aircraft - founder - (Mikhail Gurevich ) - Russian -  Aircraft used by IAF(Indian)

            The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (Russian) is a supersonic jet fighter and interceptor aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau in the Soviet Union ( Russia).

            The MiG-21 was the first fighter jet to achieve supersonic speed of Mach 1.05 (1300  kmph) and still operates at the same speed. The range is 1470 km at 10 km altitude. The Bison can carry rockets, air-to-air missiles and air-to-surface missiles and bombs

**F-16 aircraft -  founder - (Lockheed martin) - U.s - Aircraft used by PAF(Pakistani)

            The General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon is a single-engine supersonic multi role fighter aircraft originally developed by General Dynamics (its aviation unit is now part of Lockheed Martin) for the United States Air Force (USAF).

Other points -

* "There is only one pilot under Pakistan Army's custody. Wing Commander  Abhinanadhan is being treated as per norms of military ethics," Pakistani military spokesperson Major General Asif Ghafoor said on Twitter as tension between the two countries escalated.

The rules specify that POW's must be treated humanely in a ..

"Their detention is not a form of punishment, but only aims to prevent further participation in the conflict. They must be released and repatriated without delay after the end of hostilities. The detaining power may prosecute them for possible war crimes, but not for acts of violence that are lawful under International Humanitarian Law," it says.

JAM Topic – DEMONETIZATION

DEMONETIZATION

• Demonetization is the act of stripping (clearing) a currency unit of its status as legal tender. It occurs whenever there is a change of national currency (The current form or forms of money is pulled from circulation and retired, often to be replaced with new notes or coins).
• On 8 November 2016, the Government of India announced the demonetization of all ₹500 and ₹2000 notes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series. And announced the issuance of new ₹500 and ₹2,000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi New Series in exchange for the old banknotes.

• The government claimed that the action would curtail the shadow economy and crack down on the use of illicit and counterfeit cash to fund illegal activity and terrorism. This was the 3^rd time of demonetization earlier it had done in 1946 and then in 1978 by Indian government to eradicate illegal activities in the country

• The biggest advantage of demonetization is that it helps the government to track people who are having large sums of unaccounted cash or cash on which no income tax has been paid because many people who earn black money keep that money as cash in their houses or in some secret place which is very difficult to find and when demonetization happens all that cash is of no value and such people have two options one is to deposit the money in bank accounts and pay taxes on such amount and second option is to let the value of that cash reduced to zero.

• Since black money is used for illegal activities like terrorism funding, gambling, money laundering and also inflating the price of major assets classes like real estate, gold and due to demonetization all such activities will get reduced for some time.

• Another benefit is that due to people disclosing their income by depositing money in their bank accounts government gets a good amount of tax revenue which can be used by the government.

JAM Topic – PRIVATIZATION

PRIVATIZATION

• Transfer of ownership, property or business from the government to the private sector is termed privatization. The process in which a publicly-traded company is taken over by a few people is also called privatization.

• The stock of the company is no longer traded in the stock market and the general public is barred from holding stock in such a company. Then the company gives up the name 'limited' and starts using 'private limited' in its last name.

• Privatization is considered to bring more efficiency and objectivity to the company, something that a government company is not concerned about

• Studies show that private market factors can more efficiently deliver many goods or services than government due free market competition. Over time this tends to lead to lower prices, improved quality, more choices, Less Corruption red tape, and/or quicker delivery.

• Privatization in India can help to gain higher competitive advantages in education sector, there can be some manipulations but can be managed by proper rules and regulations, there’re always Pros and Cons that can be overcome by involving government and private sector effectively.

JAM Topic – GOODS AND SERVICE TAX (GST)

G.S.T

• Goods and Services Tax (GST) is an indirect tax applicable throughout India which replaced multiple cascading taxes levied (collected) by central and state governments.
• It was introduced as The Constitution (One Hundred and First -101 Amendment) Act 2017 following the passage of Constitution 122nd Amendment Bill. The GST is governed by a GST Council and its Chairman is the Finance Minister of India.
• Under GST, goods and services are taxed at the following rates, 0%, 5%, 12% and 18%. There is a special rate of 0.25% on rough precious and semi-precious stones and 3% on gold. In addition a cess of 15% or other rates on top of 28% GST applies on few items like aerated drinks, luxury cars and tobacco products.
• The rate of GST is 18% for soaps and 28% on washing detergents. GST on movie tickets is based on slabs, with 18% GST for tickets that cost less than Rs. 100 and 28% GST on tickets costing more than Rs.100. The rate on under-construction property booking is 12%
• Touted by the government to be India's biggest tax reform in 70 years of independence, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) was finally launched on the midnight of 30 June 2017, though the process of forming the legislation took 17 years (since 2000 when it was first proposed).
• A single GST replaced several existing taxes which include: central excise duty, services tax, additional customs duty, surcharges, state-level value added tax (VAT) and Octroi (it is a local tax collected on various articles brought into a district for consumption) and  Other levies which were applicable on inter-state transportation of goods has also been done away with in GST regime(scheme).

JAM Topic - CORRUPTION IN INDIA

CORRUPTION

• Corruption in India is a major issue that adversely affects its economy. 
• A study conducted by Transparency International in year 2005 found that more than 62% of Indians had firth and experience of paying bribes or influence peddling to get jobs done in public offices successfully. In its study conducted in year 2008, Transparency International reports about 40% of Indians had firth and experience of paying bribes or using a contact to get a job done in public office.
• In 2012 India has ranked 94th out of 176 countries in Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index, tied with Benin, Colombia, Djibouti, Greece, Moldova, Mongolia, and Senegal. Most of the largest sources of corruption in India are entitlement programs and social spending schemes enacted by the Indian government. Examples include Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and National Rural Health Mission. Other daily sources of corruption include India's trucking industry which is forced to pay billions in bribes annually to numerous regulatory and police stops on its interstate highways.
• Indian media has widely published allegations of corrupt Indian citizens stashing trillions of dollars in Swiss banks. Swiss authorities, however, deny these allegations.
• The causes of corruption in India include excessive regulations, complicated taxes and licensing systems, numerous government departments each with opaque bureaucracy and discretionary powers, monopoly by government controlled institutions on certain goods and services delivery, and the lack of transparent laws and processes.
• There are significant variations in level of corruption as well as in state government efforts to reduce corruption across India. Hence, It is a major issue that adversely affects Indian economy.

JAM Topic - ANDROID TECHNOLOGY

PRIVATIZATION

• One of the most widely used mobile-OS these days is ANDROID. Android is a software bunch comprising, not only operating system but also middle ware and key applications.
• Android Inc.was founded in Palo Alto of California, U.S. by Andy Rubin, Rich miner, Nick sears and Chris White in 2003. Later Android Inc. was acquired by Google in 2005. After original release there have been number of updates in the original version of android.
• The mobile development community is at a tipping point. Mobile users demand more choice, more opportunities to customize their phones, and more functionality. Mobile operators want to provide value added content to their subscribers in a manageable and lucrative way.
• Mobile developers want the freedom to develop the powerful mobile applications users demand with minimal roadblocks to success. Finally, handset manufacturers want a stable, secure, and affordable platform to power their devices.
• Android, which is a potential game changer for the mobile development community. An innovative and open platform, Android is well positioned to address the growing needs of the mobile marketplace.
• Android comes with an Android market which is an online software store. It was developed by Google. It allows Android users to select, and download applications developed by third party developers and use them. There are around 2.0 lack+ games, application and widgets available on the market for users

JAM Topic - CHILD LABOUR

CHILD LABOUR

• One of the most widely used mobile-OS these days is ANDROID. Android is a software bunch comprising, not only operating system but also middle ware and key applications.
• Android Inc.was founded in Palo Alto of California, U.S. by Andy Rubin, Rich miner, Nick sears and Chris White in 2003. Later Android Inc. was acquired by Google in 2005. After original release there have been number of updates in the original version of android.
• The mobile development community is at a tipping point. Mobile users demand more choice, more opportunities to customize their phones, and more functionality. Mobile operators want to provide value added content to their subscribers in a manageable and lucrative way.
• Mobile developers want the freedom to develop the powerful mobile applications users demand with minimal roadblocks to success. Finally, handset manufacturers want a stable, secure, and affordable platform to power their devices.
• Android, which is a potential game changer for the mobile development community. An innovative and open platform, Android is well positioned to address the growing needs of the mobile marketplace.
• Android comes with an Android market which is an online software store. It was developed by Google. It allows Android users to select, and download applications developed by third party developers and use them. There are around 2.0 lack+ games, application and widgets available on the market for users. 

JAM Topic - CRICKET

CRICKET

• Cricket is a bat and ball game played between two teams of 11 players each on a field (There are no fixed dimensions for the field but its diameter usually varies between 450 feet (137 m) and 500 feet (150 m) ).
• At the center of which is a rectangular 22 yard long pitch. Each team takes its turn to bat, attempting to score runs, while the other team fields. Each turn is known as an innings.
• The bowler delivers the ball to the batsman who attempts to hit the ball with his bat away from the fielders so he can run to the other end of the pitch and score a run. Each batsman continues batting until he is out. the batting team continues batting until ten batsmen are out, or a specified number of Overs of ‘six’ balls have been bowled, at which point the teams switch roles and the fielding team comes in to bat.
• In professional cricket the length of a game ranges from 20 Overs per side to Test cricket played over five days. The Laws of Cricket are maintained by the International Cricket Council (ICC) and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) with additional Standard Playing Conditions for Test matches and One Day Internationals.
• Cricket was first played in southern England in the 16th century. By the end of the 18th century, it had developed to be the national sport of England. The expansion of the British Empire led to cricket being played overseas and by the mid19th century the first international match was held. ICC, the game's governing body, has 10 full members. The game is most popular in Australasia, England, the Indian subcontinent, the West Indies and Southern Africa.
• Hence, it is a most popular game throughout the world; People are crazy about playing and watching Cricket.

JAM Topic - EDUCATION QUALIFICATION FOR POLITICIAN

EDUCATION QUALIFICATION FOR POLITICIAN

• Yes, Minimum education qualification for politician is must because, we are living in a technological world where daily new developments, innovations are taking place, and to understand its modern technique through scientists and inventors, education plays a key role. And at least to understand this in an appropriate manner a politician must be educated to express his country's developments in other countries.
• Having educational qualifications should not be the sole criterion for electing a leader. They should have good qualities to serve people. 
• Having the right educational background and qualifications are important because education acts as a foundation for implementing policies. Only when people are aware of the problems can think of the solutions.
• Hence education qualification for politician is must. A politician must know the country's wealth and problems and get ready for facing upcoming situations.

JAM Topic - GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

GPS

• Global Positioning System, We have all been lost before, and have had trouble in finding our Way to where we want to get to. Now technology is helping us find our way. This technology is called Global Positioning System (GPS).
• Global Positioning System technology has been used by the military for about ten years now, and is just starting to be given practical uses in society today. GPS uses twenty-four satellites orbiting around the Earth to determine where you are. GPS has many different uses, and it doesn’t just have to be used to help you find your way. GPS can also be used with computer software for practical uses, such as in farming, and has safety applications as well.
• Global positioning system uses twenty-four different military satellites, which were developed by the United States Department of Defence and it was first used in the Cold War. The military has been using GPS extensively for about ten years, using it in Desert Storm and modern practice.
• Recently is GPS being used outside the military it takes three satellites to find your Position. Each of the satellites sends a radio signal down to your GPS receiver, and the receiver measures how long it takes the signals to get there. This happens very fast because the radio signals travel at the speed of light.
• Hence, it is very useful method in which this GPS technology is helping us find our way.

JAM Topic - GLOBAL WARMING

GLOBAL WARMING

Global Warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from Earth. This is a type of greenhouse effect.

            Earth's climate is mostly influenced by the first 6 miles or so of the atmosphere which obtains most of the matter making up the atmosphere. This is really a very thin layer if you think about it. In fact, if you were to view Earth from space, the principle part of the atmosphere would only be about as thick as the skin on an onion! Realizing this makes it more plausible to suppose that human beings and change the climate.

           

Effects

            Public health impacts include injuries and deaths from heat waves, more intense storms, floods, and wildfires, more severe and frequent bad hair days, And changes in disease pathways and allergen potency.

            Climate change threatens crops, livestock, and fisheries owing to heat induced declines in productivity, changes in rainfall timing and intensity, and shifts in the abundance and types of fish and pests.

            A changing climate poses risks to the quality and supply of water for drinking, irrigation, shipping, and recreation. For example, rising seas can intrude into coastal groundwater used for drinking.

            Climate impacts cost time and money by damaging critical infrastructure, disrupting economic activity, escalating medical expenses, losing work days, and requiring adaptations such as moving people out of harm's way.

Thus, the global warming Leads destruction of entire living system.

JAM Topic - GOOGLE PROJECT LOON

Google project loon balloon

Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by X (formerly Google X) with the mission of providing Internet access to rural and remote areas. The project uses high-altitude balloons placed in the stratosphere at an altitude of about 18 km (11 mi) to create an aerial wireless network with up to 4G-LTE speeds. It was named Project Loon, since even Google itself found the idea of providing Internet access to the remaining 5 billion population unprecedented and crazy/loony.

            Project Loon began in June 2013 with an experimental pilot in New Zealand, where a small group of Project Loon pioneers tested Loon technology. The results of the pilot test have been used to improve the technology, and continued refinements are now being tested in an ongoing series of research flights in California’s Central Valley.

            Project Loon balloons float in the stratosphere, twice as high as airplanes and the weather. In the Stratosphere, there are many layers of wind, and each layer of wind varies in direction and speed. Loon balloons go where they’re needed by rising or descending into a layer of wind blowing in the desired Direction of travel. People can connect to the balloon network using a special Internet  antenna attached to their building. The signal bounces from this antenna up to the balloon network, and then down to the global Internet on Earth.

JAM Topic - ILLITERACY IN INDIA

ILLITERACY

In India the literacy is still hovering around 75% on an average reaching above 90% in Kerala and below 75% in Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, etc. All efforts and success in literacy have become alliterated by huge rise in population.

            Women population constitutes a larger portion of total illiterate population. In our country the female literacy rate is around 65% as against were as male literacy rate of around 82 percent. Hence, women education is very important to eradicate illiteracy.

            Illiteracy is more among Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe and other backward classes who are not only poor, but unaware, unconcerned and unwilling to improve and change their lot. Illiteracy Deprives people not only of economic development but also of all benefits of education, reading,Writing, etc. remaining within the darkness of ignorance, poverty and impoverishes.

            It is essential that the Government of India rises up to the occasion and take all possible steps to setup thousands of primary school all around the country making literacy and compulsory obligation of every citizen without which he will be penalized. For this the primary education has to be made free of tuition fees, all books and papers and instruments including computer to be supplied free. Unless all citizens are literate or educated they cannot ever read newspaper, circulars, notices, Advertisements, posters, and letters from near and dear. This will compel the illiterate masses to be deprived of 90% benefit of development, entertainment, sports and games, medical prescription, operate cell phone, T.V and computer.      

           

            Students are the builders of a nation. They can do a lot to eradicate illiteracy. They can spend their spare time and holidays in helping illiterate people to become literate, teaching them the habits of hygiene and sanitation. A blind person cannot witness the captivating beauty of nature. Similarly, an illiterate person remains blindfolded to the charms of the world of learning and knowledge.

            When all illiterates’ changes to literates completely, India will be a new country where 100% people can participate in all programs of all round economic development of our country.

JAM Topic - ROLE OF WOMEN SOCIETY

• Women are the inherent part of our society. They have many jobs in this modern society where men are the strongest gender but we should never neglect them to their less power and authority. They are created as a companion for men and men have to make her walk with them in course of life.
• Every woman plays many roles like a mother, daughter, sister and wife. They play these roles With many responsibilities in upbringing up a good Society, it is a fact that men shouldn’t abuse their wives and its true, but they are. Thousands of legal cases of domestic violence are seen throughout the country.
• Usually just walk away from the situation but women have to choose to either have the baby or have it “aborted”. Some people say it is a sin to let a women have an abortion because they say they are killing a baby and the baby is still innocent and has nothing to do with it.
• The basic unit of society are women, As a woman makes a family, a family make homes and Homes make society. We should never think that a society would come into existence without contribution of women.

JAM Topic - SELF CONFIDENCE

SELF CONFIDENCE

• Self-confidence is that big thing without which you cannot achieve anything. It can change your life faster than you can imagine. Self-confidence is not too difficult to attain. It can be developed very easily. The primary reason behind the lack of self-confidence is shyness. You need to be comfortable with yourself to come out of your shell, called shyness, in which you have kept yourself locked up. The shyness in turn is rooted in fear.
• Faith is the other big thing you should develop. Faith is defined as a strong belief in something that is beyond proof. If you don't believe in yourself, then it is impossible to believe in anybody else. Commitment, Courage and Hard Work are the qualities every person should develop in them. Commitment is the important factor for success of individuals. Commitment ignites action. It implies a pledge from you to a certain purpose. It signifies "Standing for Something" through determination and persistence.
• Communication skills also play an important role for self-confidence. Communication is all about conveying our messages to other people clearly and unambiguously. By effectively communicating our message across, we convey our thoughts and ideas effectively. If our communication is poor, the thoughts and ideas that we actually send across do not reflect what we really think.
• Beyond all these qualities, it is love that binds us each other. "Love opens the most important gates. Love is the gate to all secrets of the universe. Every step that has been really gained in the world has been gained by love."
• A combination of various noble qualities, i.e., faith, commitment, hard work, courage, communication skills and love all together builds self-confidence. It is not too difficult to attain. Self-confidence can be easily learnt and built.

JAM Topic - SMART PHONE

• A smart phone is a mobile phone (gadget) with more advanced computing capability and connectivity than basic featured phones.
• Early smart phones typically combined the features of a mobile phone with those of another popular consumer device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a media player, a digital camera, and/or GPS navigation unit. Later the smart phones included all of those in additionally features of a touch screen computer, including web browsing, Wi-Fi, and 3rd party apps.
• Currently, about 90% of handset sales around the globe are devices - driven by Google's Android and Apple's iOS mobile operating systems. Smartphone’s have a higher web access speed with respect to the growth of 3G and 4G data networks. Wi-Fi support that allows a user to have access to the Internet within a given locality of Internet dispensation.
• Smartphone’s also having a special QWERTY keyboard that resembles a normal computer keyboard (Dhir, 2004). Smartphone’s can also act as ordinary phones that can send and receive short messages.
• However, what makes Smartphone’s a little different from the ordinary mobile phone is that a smart phone can synchronize with the organization of personal details and specifically a professional email-account., the phone has the ability to access other instant messaging services like AOL’s AIM, whatsap, Yahoo Messenger and FB messenger, Video games, Learning apps many other services.
• I conclude that the Smartphone is an updated version with more features when compared with normal mobile phone. 

JAM Topic - SOCIAL NETWORKING

• A social networking service is a platform to Create social relations among people in which we can share our interests, activities. It is a service consists of a representation of each user (i.e., a profile), , and a huge variety of additional services. Social networks are web-based services that allow individuals to create a public profile, and allows them to connect with others User on that particular site by sharing data digitized way.
• Most social network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet, viz., email and instant messaging. The sites are varied and they incorporate new information and communication tools such as mobile connectivity, photo/video/sharing and blogging.
• Online community services are sometimes considered as a social network service, though in a roared. Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, pictures, posts, activities, events, interests with people in their network. Web-based social networking services make it possible to connect people who share interests and activities across political, economic, and geographic borders. Through email and instant messaging, online communities are created where a gift economy and reciprocal altruism are encouraged through cooperation.
• Facebook and other social networking tools are increasingly the object of scholarly research. Scholars in many fields have begun to investigate the impact of social networking sites, investigating how such sites may play into issues of identity, privacy, social capital, youth culture, and education.
• Several websites are beginning to tap into the power of the social networking model for philanthropy. Such models provide a means for connecting otherwise fragmented industries and small organizations without the resources to reach a broader audience with interested users. Social networks are providing a different way for individuals to communicate digitally.
• Hence these communities allow the sharing of information and ideas through a digital environment.

JAM Topic - BLACK MONEY

World Bank report indicates shadow economy is at 1/5th of the economic output. Study on illicit financial flows by Global Financial Integrity has placed these at 3% of the economic output for India between the years 2002-2011. Black money is generated through complex criminal activities such as tax evasion and corruption.

             Certain studies have not included many sources of black money, for example, corporate tax evasion is responsible for 60% of total black income while criminal activities account for 35% and corruption only 5% as per the GIF study

             Black money has economic as well as political ramifications Remittances from abroad if not bonafide and illegal or parallel transactions to these also a source of black money

Aside from black money abroad, domestic black money is also a big problem. This includes: Election expenses, Real Estate, Gold, Hawala

 Impact of Black Money on the Indian Economy

• Government loses tax revenue on account of black money generation and tax evasion.
• RBI will not frame effective policies because estimates of black money in the system will be hard to arrive at and adjust for.
• Government policies will also suffer in formulation and implementation in the absence of correct estimates of black money in the system
• Black money will impact national security as terrorists and criminals will use these channels to fund their activities and ventures.
• Lack of research is another problem associated with black money. Econometricians and statisticians will not be able to assess the health of the economy if there is plenty of black money floating in the system

Steps Taken To Counter Black Money 

• Disclosing names of account holders in foreign banks a violation of confidentiality clauses in treaties with other nations; steps being taken to circumvent this.
• Delegation led by Revenue Secretary visited Switzerland to facilitate exchange of informationSwiss Federal Tax Administration indicates competent authority would help India to obtain information about black money in the nation
• Cases are in advanced stages of investigation and all names will be publicly revealed
• Government has also provided the SC with names of 627 persons who have committed mass tax evasion 

As we discussed Black money is an evil that has a far reaching impact on the economy. Government needs to work towards recovery of black money from international shores as well as take steps to curb the accumulation of domestic black money. On both scores, much has been accomplished yet perseverance is needed to facilitate a final resolution.

JAM Topic - FAVOURITE COLOUR

• For Example, Green is the colour of nature, fertility, life, grass, Green is the most restful colour and Green symbolizes self-respect and well being. It is the colour of balance. It also means learning, growth and harmony. Green is a safe colour, if you don't know what colour to use anywhere use green. Green is favoured by well balanced people.
• Green symbolizes the master healer and the life force. It often symbolizes money. It was believed green was healing for the eyes. Green eye shades are still used. We should eat raw green foods for good health.
• Friday is the day of green. Green Energy contains the powerful energies of nature, growth and desire to expand or increase. Balance and a sense of order are found in the colour green.Change and transformation is necessary for growth, and so this ability to sustain changes is also a part of the energy of green.
• Put some green in your life when you want,It is a new state of balance, feel a need for change or growth, freedom to pursue new ideas, protection from fears and anxieties connected with the demands of others Wearing Green Wear green when you want to overcome a sense of thwarted ambition. Green says growth balance harmony. It is a colour of healthy relationships.